Poland

Overview

Poland is Central Europe's most populous country and one of the European Union's largest economies. Since the end of communist rule it has drawn in foreign investment, rebuilt its cities and connected itself to Western supply chains, becoming a major producer of vehicles, appliances, furniture and industrial components.

Warsaw and Kraków are centres of banking, business services and software development, and Polish engineers and developers serve companies across Europe. Joining the EU brought structural funds and open labour markets, while proximity to German industry has made the country a destination for factories seeking skilled workers at lower costs.

On the rise

Electromobility, business services and a shifting energy mix give Poland a route up the value chain — with power supply, water and the need to keep wages and skills rising the tests of its next decade.